Swan Lake National Wildlife Refuge was established in 1937 for the purpose of providing habitat, a sanctuary, and breeding grounds for migratory birds and other wildlife. The refuge is currently 10,795 acres and focuses on wetland habitat management. The refuge is also managed for other migratory birds, including waterfowl, geese, shorebirds, and neo-tropical migrating species of birds. Swan Lake National Wildlife Refuge is designated as an Important Bird Area for Missouri.

Swan Lake National Wildlife Refuge offers a number of opportunities for visitors to reconnect with nature. The wildlife drive, open seasonally, observation tower, and nature trail offer views of wildlife and the habitats on the refuge, as well as access to recreation sites such as fishing platforms. Fishing and hunting, as well as special events and programs, are also available during certain seasons.